Internal-combustion engine.



F. D. 0ALKINS & A. O. JOHNSON. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 8, 1912.

1,079,742, I Patenfd N0v.25,1913.

Z v z Z9 mom/Em UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRED 1D. CALKINS AND ALFRED C. JOHNSON, 0F SUNNYVALE, CALTFORNIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 25, 1913.

To 077 who; it may concern it known that we, Flinn D. OALKINS and ALFRED Jonivson, citizens of the United States, and residents of Sunnyvale, in the county of Santa Clara, State of California, have invented a new and useful Imprm'cment in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention is an improvement in internal combustion engines, and has for its object the provision in an engine of the character specified, of a rotating valve having a large wearing surface and separated from the explosion chamber in order to prevent heating and deposits of carbon, and wherein means is provided for automatically compensating for the wear on the valve.

In the present application the combination in an explosion engine of a cylinder having a sectional bearing chamber for inclosing the valve, one of the sections being connected to a shell inclosing .the cylinder, and resilient means capable of adjustment pressing the cylinder and the other section toward the first-named section is not claimed broadly, this combination being claimed broadly in my copending application, Serial No. 677,655, filed Feb. 15, 1912.

In the drawings: Figures 1 and 2 are longitudinal vertical sections, at right angles to each other, of the improved engine, Fig. 1 being. taken on the line 11 of Fig.

2. and Fig. on the line 22 of Fig. l; and,

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the .valve.

The present embodiment of the invention comprises a cylinder 1, having a jacket 2 at its upper end and an explosion chamber 3 at the said end. A spark plug 4 is threaded into an opening in the cylinder wall at the explosion chamber, and a piston 5 is slidable in the cylinder.

The crank use 6 is arranged below the cylinder and is provided with bearings 7 for the crank shaft 8. and the crank 9 of the shaft is connected tov the piston by a piston rod 10. The rod engages a transverse pin 11 in the piston at one end and is provided with a sectional bearing 12 for engaging the crank pin at the other. 2

.1 fly wheel or pulley 13 is secured to one end of shaft 8, and a sprocket wheel 14 is secured to the shaft adjacent to the fly wheel. The cylinder 1 is inclosed by a shell or casing 15 which is provided at its upper and lower ends with lateral flanges 16 and 17 respectively. The flange 17 seats on the crank case 6, around an opening 18, in line with the cylinder, and in which the cylinder is slidable.

- The flange 17 is secured to the crank casing by cap screws 19, and the cylinder 1 has an annular rib 20 near its lower end, which engages the inner surface of the shell to hold the cylinder in proper alinement. The jacket 2 at the uppernd of the cylinder serves a like purpose for the upper end... The Mb 20 also engages the crank case around the opening 18 to limit the movement of the cylinder toward the crank case. The piston has the usual packing rings 21, and when the said piston isv in its outermost or highest position it does notreach the end of the cylinder, that is, does not enter theexplosion chamber. The cooling liquid for the jacket 2 enters the jacket through a'nipple or port 22, which extends laterally from the outer wall of the cylinder through a slot 23 in the shell 15. The spark plug 1 extends through a similar slot 23 in the shell. This arrangement permits the cylinder to move with respect to the shell without interference with the circulation of the cooling liquid. The cylinder beyond the explosion chamber is enlarged annularly, as shown at 24, and the outer end is closed. The closed end is concave transversely to form the inner section 25 of a hearing or valve chamber for the cylindrical valve, to be described.

The outer section 26 of the valve hearing or chamber is provided with a lateral flange 27, seating on flange 16 of the shell, and

bolts or screws 28 connect the flanges 16 and 27. The section 26 is hollow, the inner end being closed and concave transversely to form with the section 25 a cylindrical valve chamber or hearing.

The hollow portion of the section 26 is l in communication with the jacket 2, which is continued into the enlargement ll, and the cooling liquid enters through port 22 and circulates around the explosion cham- 'ber and the upper endof the cylinder in WhlCh the piston moves, the enlargement 21 and the hollow portion of the outer section 26, and passes out through on outlet opening 29 in the outer end of the section 26.

The communication between the enlarge ment- 24 and the outer section of the hearing or chamber is by way of pipes or elbows 30 and 31. The pipe or elbow 30 extends ndeter-ally outward from the enlargement 24 and then upward, while pipe er elbow 31 extends laterally outward fromthe section 26 and then downward in alinement. with pipe 30.

.The adjacent ends of the pipes or elbows are connected by means of a union or stufling box 32 arranged to make a l'luidtight joint between the )l)QS while )ermittin them to nally ot' the valve, 'and the outer section 26 shell is slotted at 33 to permit the and 40 move toward and from each other. The

passage of pipe or elbow 30 and to permit the pipe to move with respect to. the shell.

The valve before mentioned is cylindrical and rotates in the bearing or valve chamher, and one end thereof is extended beyond the bearing and is provided with a sprocket wheel 36. A chain 37 connects the wheel 36 with wheel 14, and the wheels are so proportioned that the valve rotates once to intake for the engine, and the port lO is the outlet or exhaust port.

The valve has two transverse diametrical passages 41 and 41 arranged at an angle to each other, and arranged to connect port 39 with ports and 40 alternately and in succession twice during each rotation of the Valve. The cylinder is capable of movement toward the valve to compensate for wear on ,the valve or bearings, andis supported by a spring 42. The valve having a large bearing surface does not wear readily, and ,the wear is umform, so that no grindlng 1s ever required. The valve is also separated from the explosion chamber so that it does not readily heat, and, moreover, isencircled and inclosed by a large amount ofcooling liquid. The large capacity of the sections of the chamber permits a very thorough cooling of the valve bearing andof the valve, and there will be no deposits of carbon on the valve.

The circulation of the cooling liquid between the bearing sections is the valve.- i The ports 40 and 40 increase in cross section from' within outward, as

shown in Fig. l, and the said passages or ports open laterally. Their inner ends, however, are in alinement with the port 39. The spring 42 presses the cylinder toward the valve, so that the connection is always fluid tight, and so that any'wear on the valve or hearing sections is at once compen- The spring permits the cylindersated for. to yield, but presses it normally toward the outer'Zsection ot' the hearing. The lower end of the spring 49 seats on the inner end of a lever 13, pivoted at. ll, in a slot 45 in thccrank ease. The outer end of the lever permitted, whatever- .the position of the cylinder with respect to is engaged by a set screw 4-6, threaded through a lug 47 on the crank case. The

tension of the spring and the pressure on the cylinder may thus be varied. When thereis wear on the valve or on the bearing,

the set screw may be' turned down to move the cylinder toward the outer section of the bearing. The spring at all times holds the cylinder tightly against the valve. The

valve is hollow as shown, the ends beingclosed at 49, ahd is provided with a central transverse partition or diaphragm el-S. Each passage 41 and 41 thus conminnicates with the hollow of the'valve on one side of the. partition, and the passages are effectually separated by the partition.

I \Ve claim:

1..An engine of the character specified,

coinplising a cylinder having an. explosion chamber at one end and a water jacket at the said end extending over the explosion chamber and the outer end of the cylinder, the cylinder being closed at'the outer end of'the'explosion chamber, said cylinder. being enlarged annularly beyond the closed end to form a chamberfor cooling liquid communicating with the jacket, the outer end of the said enlarged portion being eoncave transversely to form a bearing section, said cylinder having a transverse passage or port leading from the explosion chamber to the said end, an outer hollow bearing section at the outer end of the cylinder and cooperating with the inner section to form a cylindrical valve chamber,'said outer section 1 having a pair of alined passages or ports registering with the port of the cylinder,

said ports opening laterally of the outer bearing section, apipe extending from each bearing section toward the other section, a shdable connection between the pipes, a cy- .lindrical valve in the bearing, said valve having transverse passages arranged at an angle to each other for alternately and suceessively connecting the ports of the outer section to the port of the cylinder, a crank case at the opposite end. of the cylinder, a

shell inclosingthe cylinder, said shell being secured at one end. to the crank case and at the other to the outer section, said cylinder being movable in the shell, the jacket of the cylinder having an inlet nipple extending laterally therefrom, a sparkplug connected to the cylinder at the explosion chamber, the shell being slotted at the nipple and the spark plug, the outer section of the bearing having an outlet for the cooling liquid, a piston in the cylinder, a connection between the piston and the valve for rotating said valve, and springs pressing the cylinder toward the valve.

2. An engine of the character specified, comprising a cylinder having an explosion chamber at one end and having a transverse bearing section at the said end beyond the explosion chamber, a crank case at the oppo-' site end of the cylinder, a shell inclosing the cylinder and secured to the crank case, an outer bearing section secured to the other end of the shell and coiiperatingwith the section of the cylinder to form a cylindrical bearing, a valve in the bearing, a piston in the cylinder, a connection between the 3. In an explosion engine, a cylinder provided at one end with a transverse bearingsection, an outer bearing section cooperating with the section of the cylinder, a crank case at the opposite end of the cylinder, a shell inclosing the cylinder and connected at one end to the crank case and at the other to the outer bearing section, said bearing sections being chambered, and an expansible and contractible. connection between the chambers, the cylinder being jacketed, the jacket communicating with the chamber of the inner section, said cylinder having an inlet nipple and a spark plug, the shell being slotted to permit the passage of the nipple and plug, the chamber of the outer section having an outlet, and springs between the crank case and the cylinder.

4. In an explosion engine, a cylinder provided at one end with a transverse bearing section, an outer bearing section cooperating with the section of the cylinder, a crank case at the opposite "end of the cylinder, a shell inclosing the cylinder and connected at one end to the crank case and at the other to the outer bearing section, said bearing sections being chambered, and an expansible and contractible connection between the chamhers.

FRED D. OALKINS. v ALFRED G. JOHNSON. Witnesses:

' D. N. BURNETT, Eco; F. MORRIS. 

